{"id":373,"date":"2021-12-14T13:05:24","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T10:05:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/?p=373"},"modified":"2022-02-14T17:11:50","modified_gmt":"2022-02-14T14:11:50","slug":"heat-engines-are-powered-by-pressure-not-heat-article","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/?p=373","title":{"rendered":"Heat engines are powered by pressure \u2013 not heat (article)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The gas laws bind together volume, pressure and temperature. Despite that, Sadi Carnot discovered in 1824 that only the heat engine\u2019s hot- and cold-side temperatures determine its maximum efficiency. Since then, the engineers have been calculating efficiencies using temperatures and an equation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>\u0220<\/code><code><sub>max<\/sub><\/code><code> = \u0220<\/code><code><sub>Carnot<\/sub><\/code><code> = 1 \u2013 <\/code><em>T<\/em><code><sub>(cold <\/sub><\/code><code><sub>reservoir<\/sub><\/code><code><sub>)<\/sub><\/code><code> \/ <\/code><em>T<\/em><code><sub>(<\/sub><\/code><code><sub>hot<\/sub><\/code><code><sub> <\/sub><\/code><code><sub>reservoir<\/sub><\/code><code><sub>)<\/sub><\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article shows that the same Carnot efficiency values can be obtained using the exit- and entry-side pressures. Also, the more universal equation for calculating maximum efficiencies for heat engines is:<br><br><code>\u0220<\/code><code><sub>max<\/sub><\/code><code> = 1 - <\/code><em>P<\/em><code><sub>(exit-side)<\/sub><\/code><code> \/ <\/code><em>P<\/em><code><sub>(entry-side)<\/sub><\/code><br><br>This article demonstrates that<strong> <\/strong>it is the entry-side\u2019s relative over-pressure that is powering the heat engines. When the Carnot efficiency\u2019s share of energy has been removed from the system, the pressure coming from the entry-side has been reduced to an equal level with the exit-side pressure. At that moment, the exit-side\u2019s pressure pushes the heat engine with equal force from the opposite direction than the entry-side\u2019s pressure is pushing it. Ultimately, these equal but opposite forces end the heat engine\u2019s ability to obtain energy with a higher efficiency from the system &#8211; precisely at that Carnot efficiency level. The functional role of the exit-side pressure is to reduce the heat engine\u2019s ability to remove heat energy from the system in form of useful work. This article also links together the Newton\u2019s laws of motion and the engine efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/article_14_12_2021.pdf\">Download full article:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"836\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture1-1024x836.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture1-1024x836.gif 1024w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture1-300x245.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture1-768x627.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Picture 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture3-1024x614.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture3-1024x614.gif 1024w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture3-300x180.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture3-768x461.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>picture 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture8-1024x515.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture8-1024x515.gif 1024w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture8-300x151.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture8-768x387.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>picture 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"824\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture2-1024x824.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture2-1024x824.gif 1024w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture2-300x241.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture2-768x618.gif 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>picture 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"735\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/picture7.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-387\"\/><figcaption>picture 7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract: The gas laws bind together volume, pressure and temperature. Despite that, Sadi Carnot discovered in 1824 that only the heat engine\u2019s hot- and cold-side temperatures determine its maximum efficiency. Since then, the engineers have been calculating efficiencies using temperatures and an equation: \u0220max = \u0220Carnot = 1 \u2013 T(cold reservoir) \/ T(hot reservoir) This &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/?p=373\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Heat engines are powered by pressure \u2013 not heat (article)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energy","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=373"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":390,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions\/390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.hotbenefits.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}